Shading Language used in Unity

In Unity, shader programs are written in a variant of HLSL language (also called Cg but for most practical uses the two are the same).

Currently, for maximum portability between different platforms, writing in DX9-style HLSL (e.g. use DX9 style sampler2D and tex2D for texture sampling instead of DX10 style Texture2D, SamplerState and tex.Sample).

Shader Compilers

Internally, different shaderA small script that contains the mathematical calculations and algorithms for calculating the Color of each pixel rendered, based on the lighting input and the Material configuration. More info
See in Glossary compilers are used for shader program compilation:

• Windows & Microsoft platforms (DX11, DX12 and Xbox One) all use Microsoft’s HLSL compiler (currently d3dcompiler_47).
• OpenGL CoreThe back-end Unity uses to support the latest OpenGL features on Windows, MacOS X and Linux. More info
  See in Glossary, OpenGL ES 3, OpenGL ES 2.0 and Metal use Microsoft’s HLSL followed by bytecode translation into GLSL or Metal, using HLSLcc.
• OpenGL ES 2.0 can use source level translation via hlsl2glslfork and glsl optimizer. This is enabled by adding #pragma prefer_hlsl2glsl gles
• Other console platforms use their respective compilers (e.g. PSSL on PS4).
• Surface ShadersUnity’s code generation approach that makes it much easier to write lit shaders than using low level vertex/pixel shader programs. More info
  See in Glossary use Cg 2.2 and MojoShader for code generation analysis step.

In case you really need to identify which compiler is being used (to use HLSL syntax only supported by one compiler, or to work around a compiler bug), predefined shader macros can be used. For example, UNITY_COMPILER_HLSL is set when compiling with HLSL compiler (for D3D or GLCore/GLES3/GLES platforms); and UNITY_COMPILER_HLSL2GLSL when compiling via hlsl2glsl.

See Also

• Shader Programs.
• Shader Preprocessor Macros.
• Platform Specific Rendering Differences.