ShaderLab: Legacy Lighting

The material and lighting parameters are used to control the built-in vertex lighting. Vertex lighting is the standard Direct3D/OpenGL lighting model that is computed for each vertex. Lighting on turns it on. Lighting is affected by MaterialAn asset that defines how a surface should be rendered, by including references to the Textures it uses, tiling information, Color tints and more. The available options for a Material depend on which Shader the Material is using. More info
See in Glossary block, ColorMaterial and SeparateSpecular commands.

Note: Material/Lighting commands have no effect when vertex programs are used; as in that case all calculations are completely described in the shaderA small script that contains the mathematical calculations and algorithms for calculating the Color of each pixel rendered, based on the lighting input and the Material configuration. More info
See in Glossary. It is advisable to use programmable shaders these days instead of legacy vertex lighting. For these you don’t use any of the commands described here, instead you define your own vertex and fragment programs where you do all lighting, texturing and anything else yourself.

Vertex Coloring & Lighting is the first effect to be calculated for any rendered geometry. It operates on the vertex level, and calculates the base color that is used before textures are applied.

Syntax

The top level commands control whether to use fixed function lighting or not, and some configuration options. The main setup is in the Material Block, detailed further below.

Color

    Color color

Sets the object to a solid color. A color is either four RGBA values in parenthesis, or a color property name in square brackets.

Material

    Material {Material Block}

The Material block is used to define the material properties of the object.

Lighting

    Lighting On | Off

For the settings defined in the Material block to have any effect, you must enable Lighting with the Lighting On command. If lighting is off instead, the color is taken straight from the Color command.

SeparateSpecular

    SeparateSpecular On | Off

This command makes specular lighting be added to the end of the shader pass, so specular lighting is unaffected by texturing. Only has effect when Lighting On is used.

ColorMaterial

    ColorMaterial AmbientAndDiffuse | Emission

Makes per-vertex color be used instead of the colors set in the material. AmbientAndDiffuse replaces Ambient and Diffuse values of the material; Emission replaces Emission value of the material.

Material Block

This contains settings for how the material reacts to the light. Any of these properties can be left out, in which case they default to black (i.e. have no effect).

Diffuse color: The diffuse color component. This is an object’s base color.

Ambient color: The ambient color component. This is the color the object has when it’s hit by the ambient lightLight that doesn’t come from any specific direction, and contributes equal light in all directions to the Scene. More info
See in Glossary set in the Lighting Window.

Specular colorThe color of a specular highlight.
See in Glossary: The color of the object’s specular highlight.

Shininess number: The sharpness of the highlight, between 0 and 1. At 0 you get a huge highlight that looks a lot like diffuse lighting, at 1 you get a tiny speck.

Emission color: The color of the object when it is not hit by any light.

The full color of lights hitting the object is:

Ambient * Lighting Window’s Ambient Intensity setting + (Light Color * Diffuse + Light Color * Specular) + Emission

The light parts of the equation (within parenthesis) is repeated for all lights that hit the object.

Typically you want to keep the Diffuse and Ambient colors the same (all built-in Unity shaders do this).

Examples

Always render object in pure red:

Shader "Solid Red" {
    SubShader {
        Pass { Color (1,0,0,0) }
    }
}

Basic Shader that colors the object white and applies vertex lighting:

Shader "VertexLit White" {
    SubShader {
        Pass {
            Material {
                Diffuse (1,1,1,1)
                Ambient (1,1,1,1)
            }
            Lighting On
        }
    }
}

An extended version that adds material color as a property visible in Material InspectorA Unity window that displays information about the currently selected GameObject, asset or project settings, allowing you to inspect and edit the values. More info
See in Glossary:

Shader "VertexLit Simple" {
    Properties {
        _Color ("Main Color", COLOR) = (1,1,1,1)
    }
    SubShader {
        Pass {
            Material {
                Diffuse [_Color]
                Ambient [_Color]
            }
            Lighting On
        }
    }
}

And finally, a full fledged vertex-lit shader (see also SetTexture reference page):

Shader "VertexLit" {
    Properties {
        _Color ("Main Color", Color) = (1,1,1,0)
        _SpecColor ("Spec Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
        _Emission ("Emmisive Color", Color) = (0,0,0,0)
        _Shininess ("Shininess", Range (0.01, 1)) = 0.7
        _MainTex ("Base (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
    }
    SubShader {
        Pass {
            Material {
                Diffuse [_Color]
                Ambient [_Color]
                Shininess [_Shininess]
                Specular [_SpecColor]
                Emission [_Emission]
            }
            Lighting On
            SeparateSpecular On
            SetTexture [_MainTex] {
                Combine texture * primary DOUBLE, texture * primary
            }
        }
    }
}