Importing Textures

A textureAn image used when rendering a GameObject, Sprite, or UI element. Textures are often applied to the surface of a mesh to give it visual detail. More info
See in Glossary is a bitmap image. You can create textures in a digital content creation application, such as Photoshop, and import them into Unity.

In a 3D Project, Unity imports image and movie files in the Assets folder as Textures. In a 2D Project, Unity imports image and movie files in the Assets folder as SpritesA 2D graphic objects. If you are used to working in 3D, Sprites are essentially just standard textures but there are special techniques for combining and managing sprite textures for efficiency and convenience during development. More info
See in Glossary.

As long as the image meets the specified size requirements, Unity imports and optimizes it for game use. This extends to multi-layer Photoshop PSD or TIFF files.

To import image and movie files as Textures and Sprites in Unity:

1. Select the image file in the Project windowA window that shows the contents of your Assets folder (Project tab) More info
   See in Glossary.
2. In the InspectorA Unity window that displays information about the currently selected GameObject, asset or project settings, allowing you to inspect and edit the values. More info
   See in Glossary, set the Texture Import Settings.
3. Click the Apply button to save the changes.
4. To use the imported Assets in your Project:
   • For 3D Projects, create a Material and assign the Texture to the new Material.
   • For 2D Projects, use the Sprite Editor.

Recommendations and limitations

The following topics offer recommendations and detail any limitations on importing Textures:

• HDR Textures
• Texture dimension sizes
• Normal mapsA type of Bump Map texture that allows you to add surface detail such as bumps, grooves, and scratches to a model which catch the light as if they are represented by real geometry.
  See in Glossary
• Alpha maps
• Detail maps
• Reflections (cubemaps)
• Anisotropic filtering
• Supported file formats

HDR Textures

When importing from an EXR or HDRhigh dynamic range
See in Glossary file containing HDR information, the Texture Importer automatically chooses the right HDR format for the output Texture. This format changes automatically depending on which platform you are building for.

Texture dimension sizes

Ideally, Texture dimension sizes should be powers of two on each side (that is, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048 pixels (px), and so on). The Textures do not have to be square; the width can be different from height.

It is possible to use NPOT (non-power of two) Texture sizes with Unity. However, NPOT Texture sizes generally take slightly more memory and might be slower for the GPU to sample, so it’s better for performance to use power of two sizes whenever you can.

If the platform or GPU does not support NPOT Texture sizes, Unity scales and pads the Texture up to the next power of two size. This process uses more memory and makes loading slower (especially on older mobile devices). In general, you should only use NPOT sizes for GUI purposes.

You can scale up NPOT Texture Assets at import time using the Non Power of 2 option in the Advanced section of the Texture Importer.

Note: Specific platforms may impose maximum Texture dimension sizes. For DirectX, the maximum Texture sizes for different feature levels are as follows:

Graphics APIs / Feature levels	Maximum 2D and CubemapA collection of six square textures that can represent the reflections in an environment or the skybox drawn behind your geometry. The six squares form the faces of an imaginary cube that surrounds an object; each face represents the view along the directions of the world axes (up, down, left, right, forward and back). More info See in Glossary texture dimension size (px)
DX9 ShaderA program that runs on the GPU. More info See in Glossary Model 2 (PC GPUs before 2004) / OpenGL ES 2.0	2048
DX9 Shader Model 3 (PC GPUs before 2006) / Windows Phone DX11 9.3 level / OpenGL ES 3.0	4096
DX10 Shader Model 4 / GL3 (PC GPUs before 2007) / OpenGL ES 3.1	8192
DX11 Shader Model 5 / GL4 (PC GPUs since 2008)	16384

Notes:

• The Texture Importer only allows you to choose dimension sizes up to 16384 (16384 × 16384 pixels).
• Most Mali GPUs support Texture dimension sizes up to 4K for cubemaps.

Normal maps

Normal maps are used by normal map Shaders to make low-polygon models look as if they contain more detail. Unity uses normal maps encoded as RGB images. You also have the option to generate a normal map from a grayscale height map image.

Alpha maps

An alpha map is a Texture that contains only alpha information. You can use an alpha map to apply varying levels of transparency to a Material.

You can create an alpha map by creating a Texture with information in the alpha channel, or by creating a grayscale Texture and converting the grayscale values to alpha in Unity.

See the documentation on Texture Import Settings for more information.

Detail maps

If you want to make a TerrainThe landscape in your scene. A Terrain GameObject adds a large flat plane to your scene and you can use the Terrain’s Inspector window to create a detailed landscape. More info
See in Glossary, you normally use your main Texture to show areas of terrain such as grass, rocks and sand. If your terrain is large, it may end up very blurry. Detail Textures hide this fact by fading in small details as your main Texture gets closer.

When drawing Detail Textures, a neutral gray is invisible, white makes the main Texture twice as bright, and black makes the main Texture completely black.

See documentation on Secondary Maps (Detail Maps) for more information.

Reflections (cubemaps)

To use a Texture for reflection maps (for example, in Reflection ProbesA rendering component that captures a spherical view of its surroundings in all directions, rather like a camera. The captured image is then stored as a Cubemap that can be used by objects with reflective materials. More info
See in Glossary or a cubemapped SkyboxA special type of Material used to represent skies. Usually six-sided. More info
See in Glossary, set the Texture Shape to Cube. See documentation on Cubemap Textures for more information.

Anisotropic filtering

Anisotropic filtering increases Texture quality when viewed from a grazing angle. This rendering is resource-intensive on the graphics card. Increasing the level of anisotropy is usually a good idea for ground and floor Textures. Use Quality settings to force anisotropic filtering for all Textures or disable it completely. Although, if a texture has its Aniso levelThe anisotropic filtering (AF) level of a texture. Allows you to increase texture quality when viewing a texture at a steep angle. Good for floor and ground textures. More info
See in Glossary set to 0 in Texture Import Settings, forced anisotropic filtering does not appear on this texture.

Supported file formats

Unity can read the following file formats:

• BMP
• EXR
• GIF
• HDR
• IFF
• JPG
• PICT
• PNG
• PSD
• TGA
• TIFF

Unity automatically flattens multi-layer Photoshop PSD or TIFF files on import so that there is no size penalty for your game. This flattening happens to the imported data in Unity, not to the file itself, so you can continue to save and import your PSD or TIFF files without losing any of your work when using these file types natively. This allows you to have one copy of each Texture which you can use in Photoshop, your 3D modelling application, and in Unity.