Texture arrays

A texture array is a collection of same size/format/flags 2D textures that look like a single object to the GPU, and can be sampled in the shaderA program that runs on the GPU. More info
See in Glossary with a texture element index. They are useful for implementing custom terrainThe landscape in your scene. A Terrain GameObject adds a large flat plane to your scene and you can use the Terrain’s Inspector window to create a detailed landscape. More info
See in Glossary rendering systems or other special effects where you need an efficient way of accessing many textures of the same size and format. Elements of a 2D texture array are also known as slices, or layers.

Platform Support

Texture arrays need to be supported by the underlying graphics API and the GPU. They are available on:

• Direct3D 11/12 (Windows)
• OpenGL Core (Mac OS X, Linux)
• Metal (iOS, Mac OS X)
• OpenGL ES 3.0 (Android, WebGL 2.0)

Other platforms do not support texture arrays (OpenGL ES 2.0 or WebGL 1.0). Use SystemInfo.supports2DArrayTextures to determine texture array support at runtime.

Importing texture arrays

You can import texture arrays from source texture files that are divided into cells. These are called flipbook textures. To do this:

1. Import the source texture into your Unity Project.
2. In your Project view, select the resulting Texture Asset. Unity displays the Texture import settings in the InspectorA Unity window that displays information about the currently selected GameObject, asset or project settings, allowing you to inspect and edit the values. More info
   See in Glossary.
3. In the Inspector, set Texture Shape to 2D Array. Unity displays the Columns and Rows properties.
4. Set Columns and Rows to the appropriate values for your flipbook texture.
5. Click Apply.

For more information, see Texture import settings.

Creating and manipulating texture arrays using scripts

To create a texture array from a C# script, use the Texture2DArray class to initialize the texture and set pixelThe smallest unit in a computer image. Pixel size depends on your screen resolution. Pixel lighting is calculated at every screen pixel. More info
See in Glossary data, and save the object as an asset file using AssetDatabase.CreateAsset.

Normally, texture arrays are used purely within GPU memory, but you can use Graphics.CopyTexture, Texture2DArray.GetPixels and Texture2DArray.SetPixels to transfer pixels to and from system memory.

Using texture arrays as render targets

Texture array elements may also be used as render targets. Use RenderTexture.dimension to specify in advance whether the render target is to be a 2D texture array. The depthSlice argument to Graphics.SetRenderTarget specifies which mipmap level or cube map face to render to. On platforms that support “layered rendering” (i.e. geometry shaders), you can set the depthSlice argument to –1 to set the whole texture array as a render target. You can also use a geometry shader to render into individual elements.

Using texture arrays in shaders

Since texture arrays do not work on all platforms, shaders need to use an appropriate compilation target or feature requirement to access them. The minimum shader model compilation target that supports texture arrays is 3.5, and the feature name is 2darray.

Use these macros to declare and sample texture arrays:

• UNITY_DECLARE_TEX2DARRAY(name) declares a texture array sampler variable inside HLSL code.
• UNITY_SAMPLE_TEX2DARRAY(name,uv) samples a texture array with a float3 UV; the z component of the coordinate is an array element index.
• UNITY_SAMPLE_TEX2DARRAY_LOD(name,uv,lod) samples a texture array with an explicit mipmap level.

Examples

The following shader example samples a texture array using object space vertex positions as coordinates:

Shader "Example/Sample2DArrayTexture"
{
    Properties
    {
        _MyArr ("Tex", 2DArray) = "" {}
        _SliceRange ("Slices", Range(0,16)) = 6
        _UVScale ("UVScale", Float) = 1.0
    }
    SubShader
    {
        Pass
        {
            CGPROGRAM
            #pragma vertex vert
            #pragma fragment frag
            // texture arrays are not available everywhere,
            // only compile shader on platforms where they are
            #pragma require 2darray
            
            #include "UnityCG.cginc"

            struct v2f
            {
                float3 uv : TEXCOORD0;
                float4 vertex : SV_POSITION;
            };

            float _SliceRange;
            float _UVScale;

            v2f vert (float4 vertex : POSITION)
            {
                v2f o;
                o.vertex = mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MVP, vertex);
                o.uv.xy = (vertex.xy + 0.5) * _UVScale;
                o.uv.z = (vertex.z + 0.5) * _SliceRange;
                return o;
            }
            
            UNITY_DECLARE_TEX2DARRAY(_MyArr);

            half4 frag (v2f i) : SV_Target
            {
                return UNITY_SAMPLE_TEX2DARRAY(_MyArr, i.uv);
            }
            ENDCG
        }
    }
}

See Also

• Introduction To Textures in Direct3D documentation.
• Array Textures in OpenGL Wiki.

Texture2DArray