Light Probe Proxy Volume component

The Light Probe Proxy Volume (LPPV) component allows you to use more lighting information for large dynamic GameObjectsThe fundamental object in Unity scenes, which can represent characters, props, scenery, cameras, waypoints, and more. A GameObject’s functionality is defined by the Components attached to it. More info
See in Glossary that cannot use baked lightmapsA pre-rendered texture that contains the effects of light sources on static objects in the scene. Lightmaps are overlaid on top of scene geometry to create the effect of lighting. More info
See in Glossary (for example, large Particle Systems or skinned Meshes).

By default, a probe-lit Renderer receives lighting from a single Light Probe that is interpolated between the surrounding Light Probes in the SceneA Scene contains the environments and menus of your game. Think of each unique Scene file as a unique level. In each Scene, you place your environments, obstacles, and decorations, essentially designing and building your game in pieces. More info
See in Glossary. Because of this, GameObjects have constant ambient lighting across the surface. This lighting has a rotational gradient because it is using spherical harmonics, but it lacks a spatial gradient. This is more noticeable on larger GameObjects or Particle SystemsA component that simulates fluid entities such as liquids, clouds and flames by generating and animating large numbers of small 2D images in the scene. More info
See in Glossary. The lighting across the GameObject matches the lighting at the anchor point, and if the GameObject straddles a lighting gradient, parts of the GameObject may look incorrect.

The Light Probe Proxy Volume component generates a 3D grid of interpolated Light Probes inside a Bounding VolumeA closed shape representing the edges and faces of a collider or trigger. More info
See in Glossary. You can specify the resolution of this grid in the UI(User Interface) Allows a user to interact with your application. More info
See in Glossary of the component. The spherical harmonics (SH) coefficients of the interpolated Light Probes are uploaded into 3D textures. The 3D textures containing SH coefficients are then sampled at render time to compute the contribution to the diffuse ambient lighting. This adds a spatial gradient to probe-lit GameObjects.

The Standard Shader supports this feature. To add this to a custom shaderA program that runs on the GPU. More info
See in Glossary, use the ShadeSHPerPixel function. To learn how to implement this function, see the Particle System sample Shader code example at the bottom of this page.

Render pipeline support

See the HDRP and URP documentation for compatibility information specific to scriptable render pipelines.

When to use the component

Most of the Renderer components in Unity contain Light Probes. There are three options for Light Probes:

• Off: the Renderer doesn’t use any interpolated Light Probes.

• Blend Probes (default value): the Renderer uses one interpolated Light Probe.

• Use Proxy Volume: the Renderer uses a 3D grid of interpolated Light Probes.

When you set the Light ProbesLight probes store information about how light passes through space in your scene. A collection of light probes arranged within a given space can improve lighting on moving objects and static LOD scenery within that space. More info
See in Glossary property in the MeshThe main graphics primitive of Unity. Meshes make up a large part of your 3D worlds. Unity supports triangulated or Quadrangulated polygon meshes. Nurbs, Nurms, Subdiv surfaces must be converted to polygons. More info
See in Glossary Renderer component to Use Proxy Volume, the GameObject must have a Light Probe Proxy Volume (LPPV) component attached. You can add a LPPV component on the same GameObject, or you can use (borrow) a LPPV component from another GameObject using the Proxy Volume Override property. If Unity cannot find a LPPV component in the current GameObject or in the Proxy Volume Override GameObject, a warning message is displayed at the bottom of the Renderer.

Example

In the Scene above, there are two planes on the floor using Materials that emit a lot of light. Note that:

• The ambient lightLight that doesn’t come from any specific direction, and contributes equal light in all directions to the Scene. More info
  See in Glossary changes across the geometry when using a LPPV component. Use one interpolated Light Probe to create a constant color on each side of the geometry.

• The geometry doesn’t use static lightmaps, and the spheres represent interpolated Light Probes. They are part of the Gizmo Renderer.

How to use the component

The area in which the 3D grid of interpolated Light Probes are generated is affected by the Bounding Box Mode property.

There are three options available:

The main difference between Automatic Local and Automatic World is that in Automatic Local, the bounding box is more resource-intensive to compute when a large hierarchy of GameObjects uses the same LPPV component from a parent GameObject. However, the resulting bounding box may be smaller in size, meaning the lighting data is more compact.

The number of interpolated Light Probes from within the bounding volume is affected by the Proxy Volume Resolution property. There are two options:

• Automatic (default value) - The resolution on each axis is computed using the number of interpolated Light Probes per unit area that you specify, and the size of the bounding box.

• Custom - Allows you to specify a different resolution on each axis (see below).

Note: The final resolution on each axis must be a power of two, and the maximum value of the resolution is 32.

Probe Position Mode specifies the relative position of an interpolated Light Probe to a cell center. This option may be useful in situations when some of the interpolated Light Probes pass through walls or other geometries and cause light leaking. The example below shows the difference between Cell Corner and Cell Center in a 2D view, using a 4x4 grid resolution:

Data Format specifies which format the associated 3D texture uses. There are two options:

• Float (default value) - The texture uses the 32-bit floating-point channel format to store the spherical harmonics coefficients.

• Half Float - The texture uses the half-float (16-bit float) channel format to store the spherical harmonics coefficients. The advantage of this format is that half-float linear texture sampling is supported by the majority of devices and the precision difference between this format and the 32-bit floating point channel format is not noticeable. Also, the texture sampling performance on the GPU is better with this data format.

Images for comparison

1. A simple Mesh RendererA mesh component that takes the geometry from the Mesh Filter and renders it at the position defined by the object’s Transform component. More info
   See in Glossary using a Standard Shader:

   

   

2. A skinned Mesh Renderer using a Standard Shader:

   

   

Particle System sample Shader using the ShadeSHPerPixel function

Shader "Particles/AdditiveLPPV" {
Properties {
    _MainTex ("Particle Texture", 2D) = "white" {}
    _TintColor ("Tint Color", Color) = (0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5)
}

Category {
    Tags { "Queue"="Transparent" "IgnoreProjector"="True" "RenderType"="Transparent" }
    Blend SrcAlpha One
    ColorMask RGB
    Cull Off Lighting Off ZWrite Off

    SubShader {
        Pass {

            CGPROGRAM
            #pragma vertex vert
            #pragma fragment frag
            #pragma multi_compile_particles
            #pragma multi_compile_fog

            // Specify the target
            #pragma target 3.0

            #include "UnityCG.cginc"

            // You must include this header to have access to ShadeSHPerPixel
            #include "UnityStandardUtils.cginc"

            fixed4 _TintColor;
            sampler2D _MainTex;

            struct appdata_t {
                float4 vertex : POSITION;
                float3 normal : NORMAL;
                fixed4 color : COLOR;
                float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
            };

            struct v2f {
                float4 vertex : SV_POSITION;
                fixed4 color : COLOR;
                float2 texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
                UNITY_FOG_COORDS(1)
                float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD2;
                float3 worldNormal : TEXCOORD3;
            };

            float4 _MainTex_ST;

            v2f vert (appdata_t v)
            {
                v2f o;
                o.vertex = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
                o.worldNormal = UnityObjectToWorldNormal(v.normal);
                o.worldPos = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex).xyz;
                o.color = v.color;
                o.texcoord = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.texcoord,_MainTex);
                UNITY_TRANSFER_FOG(o,o.vertex);
                return o;
            }

            fixed4 frag (v2f i) : SV_Target
            {
                half3 currentAmbient = half3(0, 0, 0);
                half3 ambient = ShadeSHPerPixel(i.worldNormal, currentAmbient, i.worldPos);
                fixed4 col = _TintColor * i.color * tex2D(_MainTex, i.texcoord);
                col.xyz += ambient;
                UNITY_APPLY_FOG_COLOR(i.fogCoord, col, fixed4(0,0,0,0)); // fog towards black due to our blend mode
                return col;
            }
            ENDCG
        }
    }
}
}

Hardware requirements

The component requires at least Shader Model 4 graphics hardware and API support, including support for 3D Textures with 32-bit or 16-bit floating-point format and linear filtering.

To work correctly, the Scene needs to contain Light Probes via Light Probe GroupA component that enables you to add Light Probes to GameObjects in your scene. More info
See in Glossary components. If a requirement is not fulfilled, the Renderer or Light Probe Proxy Volume component InspectorA Unity window that displays information about the currently selected GameObject, asset or project settings, allowing you to inspect and edit the values. More info
See in Glossary displays a warning message.